If Trump Wants to Outlaw Flag Burning, He Should Look To Israel
Image by Sakis Mitroldis / Getty Images
Early this morning, Donald Trump tweeted the following:
The tweet is possibly a response to the protests occurring at Hampshire College, a small liberal arts school in Amherst Massachusetts. The protesters are upset that Hampshire decided to remove all flags from its campus after an incident on November 10th or 11th in which the campus’s American flag was burned.
This is not the first time that flag burning, a free expression act protected by the First Amendment, has come under attack. In 1968, in response to numerous flag burnings at Vietnam War protests, Congress passed the Flag Protection Act which made it illegal to desecrate the flag and enacted a penalty of a maximum one year prison sentence, a fine, or both.
The law remained unchallenged in the Supreme Court until 1989 when, in Texas v. Johnson, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas statute that banned flag burning, thus ruling that the Texas law, as well as the Flag Protection act of 1968, are unconstitutional on First Amendment grounds. Congress tried to update the law shortly after the Johnson ruling, but their efforts were not deemed sufficiently distinct from the Texas law to pass constitutional muster by the Supreme Court in United States v. Eichman.
In 1995, Congress again tried to proscribe flag burning, this time with a constitutional amendment, but this effort, and all subsequent amendment efforts, failed (it is important to note that this has been a bi-partisan issue – Hillary Clinton introduced an unsuccessful bill to outlaw flag burning in 2005).
America is hardly alone in its desire to limit free speech as it pertains to the flag, and lawmakers itching to outlaw flag burning need look no further than Israel’s Flag and Emblem Law. The Flag and Emblem law, which has been on the books since 1949, established a maximum one year penalty, a fine “not exceeding three hundred pounds [or lira]” (Israel has since switched to the shekel), or both.
The wording of the law, as opposed to its proposed American counterparts, is incredibly vague, ordering the punishment of anyone who: “insults, or causes to be insulted the State flag or the State emblem, or uses the State flag or the State emblem in a manner constituting insult to it.” What might constitute an insult is left to the imagination.
While the original 1949 law is restrictive enough, the Knesset recently approved an amendment that would bring up the maximum prison time to a period of three years and the maximum fine to around $15,000. The amendment also gives the Israeli courts the power to deny state benefits, such as health care or social security, for a period of six years to those convicted under the law.
While none of the failed U.S. laws were quite as severe as the new Israeli law, and Donald Trump’s tweet does not constitute a concrete policy proposal, it is worth noting that restrictions on flag burning enjoy a decent amount of support amongst the American public. A 2006 Gallup/USA Today poll (recent data is scant) shows that 56% of respondents were in favor of a constitutional amendment granting Congress the power to prohibit flag burning.
Jake Romm is the Forward’s culture intern. Contact him at [email protected] or on Twitter, @JakeRomm
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